*Transferring Power to Maintain Control: Decentralization as a National-Level Electoral Strategy in Western Europe*
*World Politics*
*Bonnie M. Meguid*

*Do file*

*Models in text*
*Table 1*
*M1*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg || countryno: || regionno:

*M2*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg econdif_lg || countryno: || regionno:

*M3*
*interaction*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg coalgovtvote_lg subnatcoalvote_lg natcoalXsubnatcoal_lg if subtiminginbet_lg==1  || countryno: || regionno:

*Table 2*
*M4*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg || countryno: || regionno:

*M5*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg || countryno: || regionno:


*Fig 1*
*see Decentralization_WP_maintext_Fig1.do*

*Fig 2*
*see Decentralization_WP_maintext_Fig2.do*

*********************************
*Supplemental Appendix*
*************************

*summary for Table SA2*
sum raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg if raiapproved~=. & raiapproved_lg~=. &  ethnicthreat_lg~=. &  gvuln_lg~=. &  gvuln_lgXethreat_lg~=. &  langdif_lg~=. &  area_lg~=. &  logpopmil_lg~=. &  jollyeuind_lg~=.
sum econdif_lg if raiapproved~=. & raiapproved_lg~=.
sum coalgovtvote_lg subnatcoalvote_lg if raiapproved~=. & raiapproved_lg~=. & coalgovtvote_lg~=. & subnatcoalvote_lg~=. &  subtiminginbet_lg==1

*SA fig 1*
*whole series- captures the initial RAI level at the start of the series through the last RAI at the end of the series*
*To create, add an extra row to the dataset at the beginning of each region panel to capture the initial RAI value (currently coded as raiapproved_lg in the first observation of each panel in the .dta)*
graph box raiapprovedseries, over(country, label(angle(forty_five) labsize(medsmall))) nofill ytitle(Level of Decentralization (by Region)) ytitle(, margin(large)) title(Variation in Regional Decentralization Level in Western European Countries)

*SA fig 2*
*Chg rai*
dotplot changeraiapproved, over(country) ny(0) nogroup center recast(scatter) msize(vsmall) msymbol(circle) ytitle(Change in Decentralization per Region (RAI)) xtitle(Country) xlabel(, labels angle(forty_five)) title(Regional Decentralization Reforms Across Western Europe)

*SA Fig 3: The Effect of Change in Ethnoterritorial Party Threat on the Level of Decentralization, Conditional upon the Degree of Government Seat Vulnerability (based on Model 5 where controls are included)*
*see Decentralization_WP_SA_Figure3_model5.do*

*SA Fig 4: The Effect of Government Seat Vulnerability on Level of Decentralization, Conditional upon Ethnoterritorial Party Threat (based on Model 5 where controls are included) *
*see Decentralization_WP_SA_Figure4_model5.do *

*SA Fig 5: The Effect of Government’s National Election Vote Share on the Level of Decentralization, Conditional upon the Government’s Subnational Election Vote Share (based on Model 3) *
*see Decentralization_WP_SA_Figure5_model3.do *

*SA Fig 6: The Effect of Government’s Subnational Election Vote Share on the Level of Decentralization, Conditional upon the Government’s National Election Vote Share (based on Model 3) *
*see Decentralization_WP_SA_Figure6_model3.do *

*********************************
*robustness checks*
*************************

*Tables SA5: Welfare-Enhancing and Subnational-Strategy Models of Decentralization Reforms with Original RAI Coding*
*Model 1*
mixed rai_original rai_original_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg || countryno: || regionno:
*M2*
mixed rai_original rai_original_lg econdif_lg  || countryno: || regionno:
*M3*
mixed rai_original rai_original_lg coalgovtvote_lg subnatcoalvote_lg natcoalXsubnatcoal_lg  if subtiminginbet_lg==1  || countryno: || regionno:


*Table SA6: Decentralization as a National-Level Strategy Models with Original RAI Coding*
*model 4*
mixed rai_original rai_original_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg || countryno: || regionno:
*M5*
mixed rai_original rai_original_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg || countryno: || regionno:


*Table SA7: Alternative Specifications and Data Sources of Regional Economic Variables*
*M2*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg econdif_lg || countryno: || regionno:
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg econdifcame_lg || countryno: || regionno:
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg relreggdppc_lg || countryno: || regionno:
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg relreggdppccame_lg || countryno: || regionno:


*Table SA8: Models 1-3 Tested in Countries without Ethnoterritorial Parties*
*M1*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg if eparties_lg==0 || countryno: || regionno:
*M2*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg econdif_lg if eparties_lg==0 || countryno: || regionno:
*M3*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg coalgovtvote_lg subnatcoalvote_lg natcoalXsubnatcoal_lg if subtiminginbet_lg==1 & eparties_lg==0   || countryno: || regionno:


*Table SA9: Model 1 with Regional-level Demographic Variables*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg langdif_lg reglogpop_lg regarealog_lg jollyeuind_lg || countryno: || regionno:


*Table SA10: Subnational-Strategy Model of Decentralization Reforms without Interaction*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg coalgovtvote_lg subnatcoalvote_lg if subtiminginbet_lg==1  || countryno: || regionno:


*Table SA11: Robustness checks of Models 2 and 3 with Demographic Controls*
*M2*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg econdif_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg || countryno: || regionno:
*M3*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg coalgovtvote_lg subnatcoalvote_lg natcoalXsubnatcoal_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg if subtiminginbet_lg==1  || countryno: || regionno:


*Table SA12: Welfare-Enhancing and Subnational-Strategy Models of Decentralization Reforms - Models with OLS*
*M1*
*ols with region clusters and country fe*
xi: reg raiapproved raiapproved_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg i.countryno, cluster(regionno)
*ols with country fe and robust std errors*
xi: reg raiapproved raiapproved_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg i.countryno, robust
*M2*
*ols with region clusters and country fe*
xi: reg raiapproved raiapproved_lg econdif_lg  i.countryno, cluster(regionno)
*ols with country fe and robust std errors*
xi: reg raiapproved raiapproved_lg econdif_lg  i.countryno, robust
*M3*
*ols with region clusters and country fe*
xi: reg raiapproved raiapproved_lg coalgovtvote_lg subnatcoalvote_lg natcoalXsubnatcoal_lg i.countryno if subtiminginbet_lg==1, cluster(regionno)
*ols with country fe and robust std errors*
xi: reg raiapproved raiapproved_lg coalgovtvote_lg subnatcoalvote_lg natcoalXsubnatcoal_lg i.countryno if subtiminginbet_lg==1, robust


*Table SA 13: Decentralization as a National Level Strategy - Models with OLS*
*M4*
*OLS with country fe and reg clusters*
xi: reg raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg  i.countryno, cluster(regionno)
*OLS with country fe and robust std errors*
xi: reg raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg  i.countryno, robust
*M5*
*OLS with country fe and reg clusters*
xi: reg raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg i.countryno, cluster(regionno)
*OLS with country fe and robust std errors*
xi: reg raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg i.countryno, robust


*Table SA14: Welfare-Enhancing and Subnational-Strategy Models of Decentralization Reforms using REML*
*M1*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg || countryno: || regionno:, reml
*M2*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg econdif_lg  || countryno: || regionno:, reml
*M3*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg coalgovtvote_lg subnatcoalvote_lg natcoalXsubnatcoal_lg if subtiminginbet_lg==1  || countryno: || regionno:, reml


*Table SA15: Multilevel Models of Decentralization as a National-Level Strategy using REML*
*M4*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg || countryno: || regionno:, reml
*M5*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg || countryno: || regionno:, reml


*Table SA16: Table SA.16. Robust Regression Sensitivity Tests of Models 1-3*
*Table SA17: Table SA.17. Robust Regression Sensitivity Tests of Decentralization as a National-Level Strategy*
*see R code: Decentralization_SA_Tables16_17_June2023.R*


*Table SA18:Decentralization as National-Level Strategic Model Applied to Different Data Samples*
*M4*
*only countries with ethnoterritorial parties*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg if eparties_lg==1|| countryno: || regionno:
*M5*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg if eparties_lg==1|| countryno: || regionno:
*M4*
*only countries without ethnoterritorial parties*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg if eparties_lg==0|| countryno: || regionno:
*M5*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg if eparties_lg==0|| countryno: || regionno:


*Table SA19: Strategic Models using an Alternative Measure of Governing Party Vulnerability*
*M4*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg altgovtvuln_lg altgvuln_lgXethreat_lg || countryno: || regionno:
*M5*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg altgovtvuln_lg altgvuln_lgXethreat_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg || countryno: || regionno:


*Table SA20: Strategic Models Controlling for Ethnoterritorial Party Participation in the Coalition Govt*
*M4*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg eptycoalgovt_lg || countryno: || regionno:
*M5*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg eptycoalgovt_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg || countryno: || regionno:


*Table SA21: Strategic Models Excluding Observations with Ethnoterritorial Party Participation in the Coalition Govt*
*M4*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg if eptycoalgovt_lg~=1 || countryno: || regionno:
*M5*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg if eptycoalgovt_lg~=1 || countryno: || regionno:


*Table SA22: Decentralization as a National-Level Strategy Models Controlling for Whether the Country was Federal prior to 1970*
*M4*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg fedbefore_lg || countryno: || regionno:
*M5*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg fedbefore_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg || countryno: || regionno:


*Table SA23: Decentralization as a National-Level Strategy Models with Asymmetrical Decentralization Controlled for*
*M4*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg asymmdecent_lg || countryno: || regionno:
*M5*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg asymmdecent_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg || countryno: || regionno:


*Table SA24: Decentralization as a National-Level Strategy Models Controlling for Whether the Region was Unusual (with RAI t-1 greater than the country average)*
*M4*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg regoveravrai_lg || countryno: || regionno:
*M5*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg regoveravrai_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg || countryno: || regionno:


*Table SA.25. Strategic Models of Decentralization in Ethnoterritorially Unthreatened Regions: Version 1 (ethnoterritorial parties do not contest any election)*
*M4*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg if noethnicinctrywitheptythreatvuln==1 || countryno: || regionno:
*M5*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg if noethnicinctrywitheptythreatvuln==1 || countryno: || regionno:


*Table SA.26: Strategic Models of Decentralization in Ethnoterritorially Unthreatened Regions: Version 2 (ethnoterritorial party threat is zero for the given region-year)*
*M4*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg if noethreatincntryweptythreatvuln==1 || countryno: || regionno:
*M5*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg if noethreatincntryweptythreatvuln==1 || countryno: || regionno:


*Table SA27:Strategic Models Excluding Observations Where the Government is Not Affected by Seat Loss *
*M4*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg if unaffectedcoalgovt_lg==0 || countryno: || regionno:
*M5*
mixed raiapproved raiapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg if unaffectedcoalgovt_lg==0 || countryno: || regionno:


*Table SA28: Decentralization as a National-Level Strategy Models Disaggregating RAI into Self Rule and Shared Rule*
*self rule*
*M4*
mixed selfruleapproved selfruleapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg || countryno: || regionno:
*M5*
mixed selfruleapproved selfruleapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg || countryno: || regionno:
*shared rule*
*M4*
mixed sharedruleapproved sharedruleapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg || countryno: || regionno:
*M5*
mixed sharedruleapproved sharedruleapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg || countryno: || regionno:


*Table SA29: Decentralization as a National-Level Strategy Models Examining Decentralization as Policy Competencies and Regional Representation*
*competency*
*M4*
mixed competencyapproved competencyapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg || countryno: || regionno:
*M5*
mixed competencyapproved competencyapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg || countryno: || regionno:
*representation*
*M4*
mixed representapproved representapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg || countryno: || regionno:
*M5*
mixed representapproved representapproved_lg ethnicthreat_lg gvuln_lg gvuln_lgXethreat_lg langdif_lg area_lg logpopmil_lg jollyeuind_lg || countryno: || regionno:




